A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is the digital equivalent of a physical signature. It is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder and is used to authenticate electronic documents, providing a secure way to conduct online transactions.

 

Why is a DSC Required?

• Authentication: It verifies the identity of the person signing the document.

• Integrity: It ensures that the document has not been altered or tampered with after being signed.

• Non-Repudiation: It prevents the signatory from denying having signed the document.

• Legal Validity: Documents signed with a valid DSC are legally recognized under the Information Technology Act, 2000.

• Security: It encrypts data, ensuring secure online transactions.

• Time and Cost Savings: Eliminates the need for physical signatures, printing, and sending documents.

 

Types of Digital Signature Certificates

DSCs are primarily categorized based on the level of security and the intended use:

• Class 1 DSC: Primarily used for securing email communications and basic online transactions where identity verification is not very stringent. Note: As of January 1, 2021, the Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) has discontinued Class 1 and Class 2 Certificates, with Class 3 being the standard.

• Class 2 DSC: Used for e-filing with the Registrar of Companies (ROC), Income Tax Department, and for other online forms where a basic level of identity verification is required. Note: These are also being replaced by Class 3 DSCs.

• Class 3 DSC: Offers the highest level of security and is used for online participation/bidding in e-tenders, e-auctions, and for various government and regulatory filings where strong authentication is necessary.

• Sign DSC: Used solely for signing documents.

• Encrypt DSC: Used for encrypting documents, ensuring that only the intended recipient can read them.

• Sign and Encrypt DSC: Combines both signing and encryption capabilities.

 

Registration Procedure for Obtaining a DSC

The process to obtain a DSC typically involves the following steps:

1. Choose a Certifying Authority (CA): The Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) licenses various CAs to issue DSCs in India. You can find a list of licensed CAs on the CCA website (www.cca.gov.in). Some popular CAs include eMudhra, Capricorn, and Verasys.

2. Select the Type of DSC: Determine the class and type of DSC you need based on your requirements (e.g., Class 3 Sign for e-tendering, Class 3 Sign and Encrypt for MCA filings).

3. Fill the Application Form: Visit the website of the chosen CA and fill out the online application form. You will need to provide details such as your name, address, email ID, and PAN.

4. Provide Documents: You will need to upload scanned copies of self-attested supporting documents for identity and address proof. Common documents include:

   • Identity Proof: PAN card, Aadhaar card, Passport, Voter ID, Driving License.

   • Address Proof: Aadhaar card, Passport, Voter ID, Driving License, Bank statement, Utility bills (electricity, water, telephone - not older than 3 months).

   • Passport-sized photograph.

5. Complete E-KYC (Electronic Know Your Customer) or Physical Verification:

   • Aadhaar e-KYC: Many CAs offer Aadhaar-based e-KYC, which simplifies the verification process using your Aadhaar number and OTP.

   • Video Verification: Some CAs may require a recorded video verification to confirm your identity.

   • Physical Verification: In some cases, you might need to send attested physical copies of your documents or appear in person before a Registration Authority (RA) for verification.

6. Make Payment: Pay the applicable fees online through the payment options provided by the CA (e.g., net banking, credit/debit card, UPI). The cost varies depending on the CA, the class, and the validity period of the DSC (usually 1, 2, or 3 years).

7. Download/Receive DSC: Once your application and documents are verified, the CA will issue your DSC. You will typically need to download it and store it securely, usually on a USB token (crypto token) for enhanced security. Some CAs may ship the USB token containing the DSC to your registered address.

8. Install DSC Token Drivers: If you receive a USB token, you will need to install the necessary drivers on your computer to use the DSC.

9. Set Up DSC: You may need to initialize your DSC token and set a PIN to protect it.

 

Where is DSC Used?

DSCs are widely used for various online activities, including:

• Government Filings: Income Tax e-filing, GST filings, MCA (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) filings, EPFO (Employees' Provident Fund Organisation) filings.

• E-Tendering and E-Procurement: Participating in online government and private tenders.

• Digital Signing of Documents: Signing PDF files, contracts, agreements, and other electronic documents.

• Banking Transactions: Secure online banking and financial transactions.

• Intellectual Property Filing: E-filing for patents and trademarks.

• Foreign Trade: DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade) related activities, ICEGATE (Indian Customs Electronic Gateway).

• Email Security: Sending and receiving digitally signed and encrypted emails.

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Important Notes

• DSC is not transferable — it is tied to the individual or authorized signatory

• Renew your DSC before expiry to avoid disruption in e-filing

• Token-based DSC is safer and mandatory for many government portals

• You can revoke or suspend a DSC in case of misuse or change in authorization

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Time Required

• Aadhaar-based paperless DSC: 10–30 minutes

• Offline DSC with manual KYC: 1–3 working days